What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Metformin?

• A. Increases insulin sensitivity
• B. Reduces hepatic glucose production
• C. Stimulates insulin secretion
• D. Inhibits gastric emptying

Answer: (B)

Metformin primarily acts by reducing hepatic glucose production, specifically by decreasing gluconeogenesis in the liver. This action leads to a significant reduction in the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream, helping to improve overall blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

While Metformin may have secondary effects on insulin sensitivity and potentially influence gastric emptying, its main therapeutic action is centered on reducing the glucose output from the liver. This makes it an effective treatment for managing hyperglycemia, particularly in individuals who may have insulin resistance as part of their condition. The balance of increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose output culminates in a more controlled blood sugar level without the risk of stimulating excessive insulin secretion, which is often a concern with other diabetic medications.